Hariho urujijo rukikije isano iri hagati yubusobanuro bwo kwihangana, kwihanganira ibicuruzwa byayo nurwego rwo gusiba imbere cyangwa 'gukina' hagati yumuhanda numupira. Hano, Wu Shizheng, umuyobozi ushinzwe impuguke ntoya na miniature yitwa JITO Bearings, atanga ibisobanuro ku mpamvu iyi migani ikomeza ndetse naba injeniyeri bagomba kureba.
Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, mu ruganda rw’amasasu muri otcosse, umugabo uzwi cyane ku izina rya Stanley Parker yateje imbere imyumvire y’ukuri, cyangwa icyo tuzi uyu munsi nka Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing (GD&T). Parker yabonye ko nubwo bimwe mu bice bikora bikorerwa torpedo byanze nyuma yo kugenzurwa, byari byoherejwe kubyazwa umusaruro.
Amaze gusuzuma neza, yasanze ari byo nyirabayazana yo gupima kwihanganira. Kwihanganirana kwa XY gakondo byashyizeho akarere kihanganira kwaduka, hatabariwemo igice nubwo kari gafite umwanya mumwanya uzengurutswe hagati yumurongo wa kare. Yakomeje atangaza ibyo yabonye ku buryo bwo kumenya umwanya nyawo mu gitabo cyitwa Igishushanyo n’ibipimo.
* Kwemeza imbere
Uyu munsi, uku gusobanukirwa kudufasha guteza imbere ibyerekana byerekana urwego runaka rwo gukina cyangwa kwidegembya, ubundi bizwi nkimbere yimbere cyangwa, cyane cyane, gukina radiyo na axial. Gukina imirasire ni ukupimwa gupimwa kuri perpendicular kumurongo wikurikiranya no gukina axial ni ugupimwa gupimwa kubangikanye na axe.
Ikinamico yateguwe kuva mugitangira kugirango yemere kwishyiriraho imitwaro mubihe bitandukanye, urebye ibintu nko kwagura ubushyuhe nuburyo guhuza impeta zimbere ninyuma bizagira ingaruka kubuzima.
By'umwihariko, gusiba birashobora kugira ingaruka ku rusaku, kunyeganyega, guhangayikishwa n'ubushyuhe, gutandukana, kugabana imizigo n'ubuzima bw'umunaniro. Gukina radiyo yo hejuru irakenewe mugihe aho impeta y'imbere cyangwa igiti byitezwe ko bizashyuha kandi bikaguka mugihe cyo gukoresha ugereranije nimpeta yo hanze cyangwa inzu. Muri ibi bihe, gukina mukubyara bizagabanuka. Ibinyuranye, gukina biziyongera niba impeta yo hanze yagutse kuruta impeta y'imbere.
Ikinamico yo hejuru irakenewe muri sisitemu aho usanga hari itandukaniro riri hagati yumuturirwa n amazu kuko kudahuza bishobora gutera ikibazo hamwe nimbere yimbere imbere kunanirwa vuba. Kurekura gukomeye birashobora kandi kwemerera kwishyiriraho guhangana nuburemere buke buke nkuko bitangiza impande zombi.
* Ibyingenzi
Ni ngombwa ko abajenjeri batera impagarike iboneye yimbere yimbere. Kwikinisha cyane hamwe no gukina bidahagije bizabyara ubushyuhe burenze no guterana amagambo, bizatera imipira kunyerera mumihanda kandi byihutishe kwambara. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, gusiba cyane bizongera urusaku no kunyeganyega kandi bigabanye kuzenguruka neza.
Isuku irashobora kugenzurwa no gukoresha ibintu bitandukanye. Ubwubatsi bukwiranye no gutandukanya ibice bibiri byo gushyingiranwa. Ubusanzwe ibi bisobanurwa nkigiti kiri mu mwobo kandi kigereranya urwego rwo gukomera cyangwa kurekura hagati yizengurutse nimpeta yimbere no hagati yimpeta yinyuma ninzu. Mubisanzwe yigaragaza muburyo bworoshye, busobanutse neza cyangwa bufatanye, buvanze.
Ihuza cyane hagati yimpeta yimbere nigiti ni ngombwa kugirango igumane kandi irinde kunyerera cyangwa kunyerera, bishobora kubyara ubushyuhe no kunyeganyega no gutera kwangirika.
Ariko, kwivanga bikwiye bizagabanya guhanagura umupira kuko wagura impeta y'imbere. Bisa neza cyane hagati yimiturire nimpeta yinyuma muburyo bufite imikinire mike ya radiyo bizagabanya impeta yinyuma kandi bigabanye kwera kurushaho. Ibi bizavamo kutagaragara imbere - guhindura neza igiti kinini kuruta umwobo - kandi biganisha ku guterana gukabije no gutsindwa hakiri kare.
Ikigamijwe ni ukugira umukino wa zeru ukora iyo kubyara bikora mubihe bisanzwe. Nyamara, umukino wambere wa radiyo isabwa kugirango ubigereho urashobora gutera ibibazo kumipira kunyerera cyangwa kunyerera, kugabanya gukomera no kuzenguruka neza. Ikinamico yambere ya radiyo irashobora gukurwaho ukoresheje preloading. Preloading nuburyo bwo gushyira umutwaro uhoraho wa axial kumurongo, iyo bimaze gushyirwaho, ukoresheje amamesa cyangwa amasoko yashyizwe kumpeta y'imbere cyangwa hanze.
Ba injeniyeri bagomba nanone gutekereza ko byoroshye kugabanya ibicuruzwa mu gice cyoroshye kuko impeta zoroshye kandi byoroshye guhindura. Nkumushinga wibyuma bito na bito, JITO Bearings iragira inama abakiriya bayo ko hagomba kwitabwaho cyane hamwe nu nzu. Uruzitiro hamwe nuburaro byamazu nabyo ni ingenzi cyane muburyo bworoshye kuko igiti kitari kizengurutse kizahindura impeta zoroshye kandi cyongere urusaku, kunyeganyega na torque.
* Ubworoherane
Kutumva neza uruhare rwumukino wa radiyo na axial byatumye benshi bitiranya isano iri hagati yimikino nibisobanuro, cyane cyane ibisobanuro biva muburyo bwo kwihanganira inganda.
Abantu bamwe batekereza ko icyerekezo cyo hejuru kitagomba gukinishwa kandi ko kigomba kuzunguruka neza. Kuri bo, umukino wa radiyo udakabije wumva udasobanutse neza kandi utanga igitekerezo cyubwiza buke, nubwo bishobora kuba bihanitse cyane byerekanwe nkana gukina. Kurugero, twabajije bamwe mubakiriya bacu mubihe byashize impamvu bashaka kwifata neza kandi batubwiye ko bashaka, "kugabanya umukino".
Ariko, nukuri ko kwihanganira kunoza neza. Ntibyatinze nyuma yo kubyara umusaruro mwinshi, abashakashatsi bamenye ko bidakwiye cyangwa ubukungu, niba bishoboka na gato, gukora ibicuruzwa bibiri bisa neza. Ndetse mugihe ibintu byose byahinduwe bihinduka kimwe, hazajya habaho itandukaniro ryiminota hagati yikintu kimwe nikindi.
Uyu munsi, ibi byaje kwerekana kwihanganira byemewe cyangwa byemewe. Amasomo yo kwihanganira imipira, izwi nka ISO (metric) cyangwa ABEC (santimetero) amanota, agenga gutandukana byemewe no gupima ibipimo birimo ingano yimpeta yimbere ninyuma hamwe nuburinganire bwimpeta ninzira nyabagendwa. Iyo urwego ruri hejuru kandi rukarushaho kwihanganira, niko ibisobanuro bizagenda neza nibimara guterana.
Mugukoresha uburinganire bukwiye hagati yimyitozo ngororamubiri na radiyo na axial mugihe cyo gukoresha, injeniyeri zirashobora kugera kubikorwa byiza bya zeru no kwemeza urusaku ruke no kuzunguruka neza. Mugukora ibyo, turashobora gukuraho urujijo hagati yukuri no gukina kandi, nkuko Stanley Parker yahinduye ibipimo byinganda, duhindura muburyo bwo kureba.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-04-2021
